HBSE Class 12 Solved Agriculture 2025

Haryana Board Class 12 Solved Agriculture Paper March 2025

Code: 2228 | Set: SS/Annual

All answers as per HBSE syllabus & standard agricultural practices. Diagrams described in text. Total Marks: 60

SECTION – A (Essay Type – Attempt any 3 out of 4 | 5 marks each)

Q1. Which are the main pulse crops? Also write in brief about the cultivation of gram crop giving main varieties, method of sowing and how it is harvested?
5 marks

Main Pulse Crops (1 mark): Gram (Chana), Pigeon pea (Arhar), Lentil (Masur), Black gram (Urad), Green gram (Moong), Chickpea, Field pea (Matar).

Cultivation of Gram (4 marks):

• Varieties: Pusa-372, Pusa-391, HC-1, HPG-17, C-235, GNG-1581 (Haryana-specific).
• Sowing Method:
  • Time: Mid-October to mid-November
  • Seed rate: 60–75 kg/ha
  • Method: Line sowing (Porah/Zero tillage drill) at 30 cm row spacing, 10 cm plant spacing
  • Depth: 5–8 cm
• Harvesting:
  • When pods turn yellow-brown and leaves dry (Feb–March)
  • Cut plants from base using sickle
  • Dry in sun for 3–4 days
  • Thresh by beating or thresher machine
  • Clean, grade, store in gunny bags

Marking: Pulses: 1 | Variety: 1 | Sowing: 1.5 | Harvesting: 1.5

Q2. Name any ten fruits grown in Haryana. Why processing of fruits is necessary?
5 marks

Ten Fruits Grown in Haryana (2 marks): Kinnow, Mango, Guava, Ber, Amla, Lemon, Papaya, Pomegranate, Litchi, Pear.

Necessity of Processing (3 marks):

1. Reduces Post-Harvest Loss: Prevents spoilage (30–40% loss avoided).
2. Increases Shelf Life: Jam, juice, pickle → lasts months.
3. Value Addition: Mango → pulp, juice → higher income.
4. Off-Season Availability: Canned fruits available year-round.
5. Employment Generation: Processing units create jobs.

Q3. Name the organic fertilizers. What are their advantages? Write in detail about green manuring.
5 marks

Organic Fertilizers (1 mark): FYM, Compost, Vermicompost, Green manure, Bone meal, Oil cakes, Poultry manure.

Advantages (1.5 marks): Improves soil structure, increases water holding capacity, enhances microbial activity, eco-friendly, sustainable.

Green Manuring (2.5 marks):

• Definition: Growing leguminous crops (Dhaincha, Sunhemp, Cowpea) and ploughing them into soil at flowering stage.
• Benefits:
  • Adds 20–40 kg N/ha
  • Improves soil fertility, texture
  • Suppresses weeds
  • Prevents soil erosion
• Method: Sow in June–July → Incorporate after 40–60 days → Ideal before rice/wheat.

Q4. What are the sources of irrigation in Haryana? Write a brief note on surface irrigation network.
5 marks

Sources of Irrigation (1.5 marks): Canals (40%), Tube wells (58%), Wells, Ponds, Lift irrigation.

Surface Irrigation Network (3.5 marks):

• Bhakra Canal System: From Sutlej → Nangal → Haryana (Sirsa, Hisar, Bhiwani)
• Western Yamuna Canal (WYC): From Yamuna at Tajewala → Delhi, Sonepat, Rohtak
• JL Nehru Lift Canal: From Bhakra → South Haryana
• Gurgaon Canal: For Gurgaon region
• Total Canal Length: ~12,000 km
• Area Covered: 13.5 lakh ha (40% of net sown area)

SECTION – B (Short Answer – All 6 | 3 marks each)

Q5. Name the fodder crops and also write other crops from where fodder is available as bye product.

Fodder Crops: Berseem, Lucerne (Alfalfa), Oats, Maize (fodder), Sorghum (Jowar fodder), Napier grass.

Bye-Product Fodder: Wheat straw (Bhoosa), Rice straw, Sugarcane tops, Cotton seed cake, Groundnut cake.

Q6. Which are the methods of sowing food grain crops and also name any two machines associated with sowing?

Methods: Broadcasting, Drilling (line sowing), Dibbling, Transplanting (rice), Zero tillage.

Machines: Seed drill, Zero tillage seed cum fertilizer drill.

OR Main steps for post-harvesting: Threshing → Winnowing → Cleaning → Drying → Storage → Grading.

Q7. Write a short note on brinjal.

Botanical name: Solanum melongena. Varieties: Pusa Purple Long, Pusa Kranti. Sowing: Nursery in June–July, transplant after 4–5 weeks. Spacing: 60×45 cm. Harvesting: 50–60 days after transplant. Yield: 250–300 q/ha.

OR Cauliflower: Brassica oleracea var. botrytis. Early (Pusa Early Synthetic), Mid (Pusa Meghna). Sowing: July–Aug. Transplant: Sept. Harvest: Nov–Dec.

Q8. Soil fertility depends on which factors?

Physical (texture, structure), Chemical (pH, NPK, organic matter), Biological (microorganisms, earthworms), Climatic (temperature, rainfall).

Q9. How mustard is processed? Name its main and bye products.

Process: Cleaning → Conditioning → Flaking → Cooking → Pressing → Filtration → Refining.

Main Product: Mustard oil (35–40%)

Bye Product: Oil cake (Khali) – used as cattle feed.

Q10. Name the weed control methods. Name any weeds found in water bodies.

Methods: Manual (hand weeding), Mechanical (hoeing), Cultural (crop rotation), Chemical (herbicides), Biological (bioagents).

Water Weeds: Water hyacinth (Eichhornia), Hydrilla, Typha (Cattail).

SECTION – C (Very Short Answer – All 6 | 2 marks each)

Q11. Which are the steps to control soil erosion?

Contour farming, Terracing, Bunding, Afforestation, Mulching, Cover cropping.

Q12. Write the four varieties of onion.

Pusa Red, Pusa Ratnar, Pusa White Round, Agrifound Light Red.

Q13. Name the vegetables used for pickle making.

Mango, Lemon, Chilli, Carrot, Cauliflower, Turnip.

OR Fruits: Amla, Lemon, Mango, Ber, Jackfruit.

Q14. Can drains be used for irrigation? If yes, how?

Yes. Through lift irrigation – water pumped from drains to fields using pumpsets.

Q15. What are the uses of underground pipe irrigation system?

Saves water (30–50%), Reduces weed growth, Prevents evaporation, Suitable for saline water, Uniform distribution.

Q16. Name any eight flowers.

Marigold, Rose, Gladiolus, Chrysanthemum, Tuberose, Jasmine, Gerbera, Carnation.

OR Due to greenhouse cultivation, polyhouse, off-season varieties, improved transport & storage.

SECTION – D (Objective – All 15 | 1 mark each)

Q17. Which one is a root vegetable?

• (A) Okra
• (B) Brinjal
• (C) Bottle gourd
• (D) Radish

Q18. Mulching is used for:

• (A) Controlling weeds
• (B) Packing vegetables
• (C) Killing of birds
• (D) Of no use

Q19. Ground nut is:

• (A) Vegetable
• (B) Oilseed crop
• (C) A crop above ground
• (D) Food grain

Q20. In last 50 years paddy area in Haryana has:

• (A) Decreased
• (B) No change
• (C) Increased
• (D) None is true

Q21. Area under irrigation is more in Haryana by which source?

• (A) By Canal
• (B) By tube wells
• (C) By drains and ponds
• (D) By wells

Q22. DAP has:

• (A) Only nitrogen
• (B) Only Phosphorus
• (C) Only Potash
• (D) Both Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Q23. Oil recovery from mustard is about 40 %.

Q24. Bacterial Blight is mostly a disease of Cotton crop.

Q25. Gram is mostly a crop of Rabi area.

Q26. Burning of crops affects mostly eyes and lungs.

Q27. Onion is mostly sown by seedling/transplanting method.

Q28. Chemical free food is always good for health.

Q29. Crop rotation of wheat–rice is harmful in the longer time.

Q30. Shelf life of mangoes is less due to respiration and ethylene.

Q31. Weeds control affects the production of main crop.

Final Marking Scheme

Section	Questions	Marks	Total
A	Any 3/4	3 × 5	15
B	All 6	6 × 3	18
C	All 6	6 × 2	12
D	All 15	15 × 1	15
Grand Total			60

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