Pilling–Bedworth Ratio Calculator

Pilling–Bedworth Ratio (PBR) Calculator

Predict whether a metal oxide layer will be protective or non-protective based on volume ratios.

Read Pilling-Bedworth Ratio

Select Preset Metal-Oxide System -- Custom Input -- Aluminium (Al → Al₂O₃) - Protective Magnesium (Mg → MgO) - Porous Iron (Fe → Fe₂O₃) - Spalling/Cracking Chromium (Cr → Cr₂O₃) - Protective Nickel (Ni → NiO) - Protective Sodium (Na → Na₂O) - Porous

Metal Properties

Metal Atomic Mass (M_m) [g/mol]

Metal Density (ρ_m) [g/cm³]

Oxide Properties

Oxide Molar Mass (M_ox) [g/mol]

Oxide Density (ρ_ox) [g/cm³]

Number of Metal Atoms per Oxide Molecule (n)

-- Calculating...

Adjust the parameters above to see the oxide film classification.

< 1.0 (Porous) 1.0 – 2.0 (Protective) > 2.0 (Spalling)

Related Topics

• Pilling-Bedworth Calculator
• Corrosion Engineering and Chemistry
• Corrosion Control MCQs for B.Tech