Definition: Antioxidant vitamins are organic compounds that protect the body's cells from damage caused by free radicals—unstable molecules produced during normal metabolism or exposure to environmental stressors like radiation and pollution.
Mechanism of Action
Antioxidants work by donating an electron to free radicals without becoming unstable themselves. This "neutralizes" the free radical, preventing a chain reaction of oxidative stress that can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes.
Primary Antioxidant Vitamins
| Vitamin | Scientific Name | Key Functions & Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | Retinoids / Beta-carotene | Protects vision and skin; found in carrots, sweet potatoes, and leafy greens. |
| Vitamin C | Ascorbic Acid | Water-soluble; boosts immunity and repairs tissues; found in citrus fruits and peppers. |
| Vitamin E | Tocopherol | Fat-soluble; protects cell membranes from lipid peroxidation; found in nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils. |
Importance for Health
- Disease Prevention: Reduces the risk of chronic conditions like heart disease and certain cancers.
- Anti-Aging: Slows down cellular degradation and maintains skin elasticity.
- Immune Support: Enhances the body's ability to fight off infections.