Haworth Synthesis of Naphthalene
Benzene and succinic anhydride are heated in the presence of AlCl3 to form β-benzoylpropionic acid which on treated with Zn-Hg/HCl to form γ-phenylbutyric acid. γ-Phenylbutyric acid is now heated with concentrated sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid to form tetralone. Tetralone is now heated with Zn-Hg/HCl to form tetralin which on heated with Se or Pd to yield Naphthalene.
Synthesis of Naphthalene from 4-Phenyl 3-butenoic acid
When 4-phenyl 3-butenoic acid is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid, 1-naphthol is formed which on distillation with Zn dust gives Naphthalene.
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