Synthesis of Anthracene

Synthesis of Anthracene

Anthracene can be synthesized by the number of methods. Some of them are given below-

Haworth Synthesis of Anthracene

Treatment of benzene with phthalic anhydride in the presence of aluminum chloride to form o-benzoylbenzoic acid which on heated with concentrated sulphuric acid to give 9,10-anthraquinone. Distillation of 9,10-Anthraquinone with Zn-dust yields Anthracene.

Synthesis of Anthracene by Diels-Alder Reaction

Reaction of 1,4-naphthaquinone with 1,3-butadiene followed by oxidation with chromium trioxide in glacial acetic acid to form 9,10-anthraquinone. Distillation of 9,10-anthraquinone with Zn-dust yields anthracene.

Synthesis of Anthracene from Naphthalene

Anthracene can be synthesized from naphthalene by involving Michael Condensation as given below-

Synthesis of Anthracene by Elbs Reaction

Anthracene can be synthesized by Elbs reaction involving Intramolecular Diel's Alder reaction as given below-

Mechanism of Synthesis of Anthracene by Elbs Reaction

Synthesis of Anthracene by Fittig Reaction

Anthracene can be synthesized by Fittig reaction as given below-

Important Reactions of Anthracene

Structure Determination of Anthracene